Ethernet, PPPoE, IP, IPv6, and other Overhead
Here I provide an overview of the overhead of different protocols and how the protocol stack looks with different headers in some scenarios. Ethernet In...
Networking
Azure and IP-Fragmentation
As I had “fun” at work with some Issues due to fragmented packets to reach a VM in Azure, and except for some posts about...
25GS-PON framing and overhead
The 25GS-PON isn’t finally specified as per my understanding, even if it’s v2.0, but as there are not many changes compared to XGS-PON I will...
XGS-PON framing and overhead
XGS-PON uses the same 125µs framing structure as G-PON or any other ITU-T PON. As already described for G-PON I will show the framing overhead...
G-PON framing and overhead
In this post, I like to explain the G-PON framing on the wire and its respective overhead for ethernet frames. TDM structure G-PON uses a...
PON technologies
This is an overview of existing PON technologies, their nominal bit rates, and used wavelengths.